November 12, 2025
In Serbia, the concept of protecting appellations of origin dates back to 1928, when the Kingdom of Yugoslavia signed trade treaties with Czechoslovakia and France, establishing the obligation of mutual protection of product names and geographic origins.
A prominent and symbolic example of such Serbian product is the Pirotski ćilim (Pirot carpet), a traditional, handwoven rug from the town of Pirot, in southeastern Serbia.
Photo: Pirotski ćilim / Source: website of the Craft Cooperative
The Pirot carpet is world-famous for its flat weave, bright colors, and detailed geometric patterns. It reflects the cultural heritage of Pirot and is handmade by skilled artisans. Both sides of the carpet are identical—a mark of high craftsmanship.
In 2002, the municipality of Pirot registered the appellation of origin “Pirotski ćilim” (No. 37), meaning only carpets made in Pirot using traditional methods can carry this name.
The official documentation recognizes 95 patterns and 122 ornaments, each with symbolic meaning—such as love, health, and protection. Every thread is counted and measured by hand. The carpets are used as floor or wall coverings, bedspreads, tablecloths, or decorative pieces. Their beauty has adorned monasteries like Hilandar (Serbian monastery at Mount Athos in Greece) and royal courts of the Obrenović and Karađorđević dynasties.
One of the most famous motifs is Damsko srce (“Lady’s Heart”), symbolizing love and harmony. Other designs, such as Spider, Devil’s Knees, and Tulip, each tell their own local story.
Photo: Lady’s heart / Source: website of the Craft Cooperative
The “Pirotski ćilim” has always been tied to Pirot. Its unique weaving style was known throughout the Balkans long before legal protection existed. Generations of artisans, guilds, and craft associations preserved the quality and reputation of this cultural symbol.
Today, protection under Indications of Geographical Origin ensures that the Pirot carpet’s name, reputation, and traditional techniques are safeguarded.
Other Pirot products—like Pirot cheese and sausage—also enjoy similar protection.
Geographical indications guarantee authenticity, origin, and quality. They help preserve tradition, support local economies, and promote regional identity. Protected products strengthen small businesses, attract tourism, and ensure traditional know-how is passed to future generations.
